Lomhlahlandlela wabhalwa ngentshisekelo yempilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi eNingizimu Afrika. Awubhalelwe ukuthatha indawo yoMthetho wezeMpilo nokuPhepha eMsebenzini ka1993. Inhloso-nqangi yalomhlahlandlela wukuchaza ngendlela elula loMthetho, ngamagama alula nokuchazela bonke abantu abaneqhaza endimeni yempilo nokuphepha endaweni yokusebenzela lapha eNingizimu Afrika.
Indima yabahloli bezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini (OHS) eMnyangweni Wabasebenzi iyachazwa. Imisebenzi namalungelo abasebenzi , njengoba echazwe eMthethweni ayenekwa. Indima nezibophezelelo zabaqashi, abakhiqizi, abaqophi, abahweba ngokuthenga emazweni angaphandle, okuthengwa kubo kanye nabadayisi ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ngempilo nangokuphepha kwabasebenzi nakho kuyaphawulwa. Okokugcina, kucaciswa ngemisebenzi yabamele ezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini kanjalo namakomidi athintekayo.
Umthetho Wempilo Nokuphepha emsebenzini ka1993 ufuna umqashi aqinisekisa ngokugcina indawo yokusebenzela iphephile, ingabi nobungozi ezimpilweni zabasenzi kanti ugcizelela ukuthi umqashi enze lokhu ngakho konke okusemandleni akhe. Umthelela walokhu usho ukuthi umqashi makaqinisekise ukuba indawo yokusebenzela ayinazo izinto ezinobungozi, njengebhenzini, ubuthi nezinto eziyingozi, imishini nendlela yokusebenza eyingozi. Uma kungeke kwenzeke, umqashi makaqwashise abasebenzi ngalezingozi, indlela yokuyigwema, ukusebenza ngokuvikeleka kanye nokwenza amalinge ezindlela zokuphepha emsebenzini.
Kumele kuphawulwe ukuthi akusiwona kuphela umsebenzi kamqashi ukwenza lesibophezelo sempilo nokuphepha. Umthetho uncike emgomweni wokuthi izingozi zasemsebenzini kumele zixazululwe ngokwenza amaxhama okuxhumana phakathi kwabasebenzi kanye nomqashi. Abasebenzi nomqashi mabehlukaniselane ngesibophezelo sempilo nokuphepha endaweni yokusebenzela. Izinhlangothi zombili kumele zihlaziye izinto ezingaba nobungozi bese ziveza amaqhinga okuvikela nokwenza indawo yokusebenzela iphephe. Ngalendlela, umqashi nabasebenzi bamdibi munye ezinhlelweni lapho abahloli bezempilo nokuphepha bengakwazi khona ukuhlola indawo njalonjalo bese bethula umbiko ekomidini lezempilo nokuphepha. Lelikomidi selingenza izincomo kumqashi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi loluhlelo lusebenza kahle, bonke abasebenzi kumele bawazi amalungelo nemisebenzi yabo njengoba ibhaliwe eMthethweni.
Miningi imitheshwana, edingida izihloko ezithile ede ifakwa nguNgqongqoshe wabaSebenzi njalo ngaphansi kwaloMthetho. Umthetho noma imitheshwana iyatholakala eSigayweni semibhalo kaHulumeni (Government Printer), kungaba ngamaGazethe noma itholakale ikhiqizwe ngabanye abashicileli.
Umthetho Wezempilo Nokuphepha kwabasebenzi usingethwe yiNgosi Enkulu yeZempilo Nokuphepha ngaphakathi eMnyangweni Wabasebenzi.
Ukuze kuqhutshwe isiqiniseko sokuphepha nempilo yabasebenzi, sekusungulwe amahovisi alengosi kuzo zonke izifundazwe. Kuyimanje, abahloli bezempilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi endaweni yokusebenza nabakanise ezifundazweni baqhuba lomsebenzi wokuhlola nokwenza uphenyo lapho kufanele ezindaweni zokusebenza.
Izinhlelo zokuhlola ziqhutshwa ngokulandela izinkomba ezithile esingaphawula kuzo; ubukhona bezinto eziyingozi, ukusetshenziswa kuka-benzini lapho kuwashwa khona impahla noma izindawo okunemishini eyingozi khona. Kukhona futhi izinhlelo zokuhlola indawo ezingahlelwa kusenesikhathi, njengezicelo ezenziwayo, izikhalazo zabasebenzi, abaqashi noma amalunga omphakathi. Lezikhalazo noma izicelo zigcinwa ziyimfihlo.
Uma umhloli ethola into eyingozi noma engaholela engozini emsebenzini, angabeka imibandela ethile kumqashi.
Esimweni esibonisa ingozi engavela, umhloli anganqanda lesosenzo, inqubo noma ukusetshenziswa komshini ngokukhipha isaziso esifanele sokuvimbela. Akekho umuntu ovunyelwe ukushaya indiva ingqikithi yaleso sexwayiso, kumele umlayezo okhishiwe ulandelwe ngokushesha.
Uma kukhona umthetho othile ophuliwe, umhloli angafaka isaziso sokwephulwa komthetho kubasebenzi noma kumqashi. Ukwephulwa koMthetho kungaholela ekushushisweni ngokuphuthuma. Uma kwephulwe inqubo ebekiwe, umqashi anganikwa ithuba lokulungisa lelophutha ngesikhathi esinqunywe esazisweni, kuvame ukuthi kube yizinsuku ezingu 60.
Lapho umhloli ethola isimo sempilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi singagculisi, umhloli angalayela umqashi ukuba enze ngcono lesosimo. Isaziso sokwenza ngcono sibe sesinikwa umqashi kanti sichaza indlela elindelwe ukwenza ngcono lokho okungemukeleki kumhloli.
Ukubanika amandla engeziwe abahloli, bavunyelwe ukungena kunoma iyiphi indawo noma igceke lapho kugcinwe khona imishini, izinto eziyingozi noma lapho zisetshenziswa khona kanti banelungelo lokufaka imibuzo nokufaka abathile amasamanisi ukuzovela ngaphambi kwabo. Umhloli angacela noma yiziphi izincwadi ukuba zethulwe kuye, ukuphenya nokwenza amakhophi alezoncwadi, afune nencazelo kokuqukethwe kuzo. Umhloli angakwazi ukuhlola isimo noma impahla, angathatha amasampula aleyonto noma abambe impahla engaba nobufakazi.
Yini okumele umqashi aqiniseke ngayo ekuqikeleleni ngokuphepha nesimo esingenabungozi emsebenzini kanjalo nasezimpilweni zabasebenzi?
Umqashi kumele agcine imishini nezinsiza ezifanele zokusebenza, nazo zonke ezinye izinhlelo okufanele kuqhutshwe ngazo umsebenzi zisesimweni esingeke siphazamise impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imishini nezinto zokuphepha, umqashi makaqale ngokugudlula noma asuse ingozi engaba nomthelela omubi empilweni nasekuphepheni kwabasebenzi. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, umqashi usengasebenzisa impahla nezinsiza zokuvikela ezisetshenziswa ngabasebenzi. Umqashi unesibopho sokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela impilo nokuphepha ezingozini ezingadalwa wukukhiqiza, ukuqhuba umsebenzi, ukusebenzisa, ukuphatha, ukulondoloza noma ukuthwala impahla noma izinto. Ngamanye amazwi, noma yini isisebenzi esingahlangabezana nayo.
Ukunikela ngolwazi olubalulekile, izifundo, uqeqesho nokusingatha abasebenzi kube kuqashelwe izinga labo lobungoti emsebenzini. Ngamanye amagama, lokho okufanele bakwenza nokungafanele.
Akungavunyelwa muntu ukuqhubeke nomsebenzi ngaphambi kokuthatha zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele akuthathwe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ongaphansi komqashi ulandela uMthetho akuphoqelelwe indlela efanele yokugwema izingozi ngentshisekelo yokulandela umgomo wokuphepha nempilo enhle.
Ukuqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi nomshini usetshenziswa ngumuntu ngaphansi kweso lalowo oqeqeshelwe lomsebenzi noma umshini ukuze aqonde kahle ngobungozi obuphathelene nomsebenzi noma lowomshini.
Isisebenzi leso kumele siqikelele ukuthi imizamo yokunqanda iyalandelwa futhi iyagcinwa.
Bonke abasebenzi banelungelo lokwaziswa.
Abaqashi mabaqikelele ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bayaziswa futhi baziqonda kahle izingozi ezimayelana nempilo kanye nokuphepha kulowo nalowo msebenzi abawenzayo, lokho okukhiqizwayo, okuphehlwayo, okulondoloziwe, okuphethwe noma okuthuthwayo kanye nemishini noma amathuluzi asetshenziswayo. Umqashi makanikeze ulwazi ngezinzame zokunqanda izingozi.
Umqashi kumele azise labo abamele ingosi yempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini ngesaziso somhloli nabaphenyi ngokuvakasha abayokwenza emagcekeni omsebenzi. Umqashi kufanele abazise futhi labo abamele ingosi nokuphepha emsebenzini nganoma yisiphi isicelo esifakiwe sokuxolelwa noma ngokuxolelwa okunikwe umqashi ngaphansi koMthetho. Loluxolelo luchaza ukuxolelwa ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile yoMthetho, imigomo, isaziso noma imilayelo engaphansi koMthetho.
Umqashi kumele azise abamele ingosi yempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini ngokushesha lapho kunengozi eyenzekile emsebenzini. Ingozi yisehlakalo esivela emsebenzini lapho kufa khona, kulimale noma kugule umuntu. Isibonelo, kungaba wukuchitheka koketshezi oluwubuthi, lapho ithangwe livuza nokungadalwa yisivalo esingavaleki kahle noma lapho umshini uphunyuka ngaphandle kokubulala umuntu noma alimale.
Imisebenzi evamile yabakhiqizi, abasunguli bezinto, abathenga emazweni angaphandle, okuthengwa kubo noma abathengisi maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwezinto kanye noketshezi emsebenzini.
Uma othengiselwe leyompahla, isithako noma uketshezi ekhetha ukubhala abalule izinyathelo ayozithatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi leyompahla, isithako noma uketshezi luyohlangabezana nezidingo ezibekiwe, nokuthi siphephile futhi asinabungozi, umsebenzi walowo othenga kwelinye izwe, osungulayo noma oqophayo, odayisayo, umthengisi noma umkhiqizi uyobe sewedlulela kumuntu owenze isibophezelo sezinyathelo ayozithatha.
ukunakekela impilo nokuphepha kwaso kanjalo nokwabanye abantu abangathola amachaphazela ezenzo zakhe noma ngobudedengu baleso senzo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukudlala emsebenzini. Abantu abaningi bayalimala abanye bafe ngenxa yokudlala amahashi emsebenzini, lento ithathwa njengokwephula umthetho okukhulu.
Ukubikela umqashi, ogunyaziwe noma ilunga elimele ezokuphepha emsebenzini ngokuphuthuma isimo sokulimala okungaba nomthelela empilweni noma isimo esingadala ukulimala lingakapheli lelo shifuthi lokusebenza.
Amaqophelo amisiwe empilo nokuphepha okumele ongumqashi ahlangabezane nawo.
Inqubo okumele ilandelwe uma isisebenzi sihlangabezana nobuthi, noma izici ezithile eziyingozi empilweni yaso.
Isisebenzi singacela udokotela waso wangasese ukuba ahlole isimo saso, ilekhodi lempilo, ukubekeka engcupheni yempilo noma yokulimala.
Uma isisebenzi kuyilunga elimele impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi, lingenza uphenyo libhale nemibiko ngokubekeka engcupheni kwabantu nemibiko yokulandelela izimo ezikhona.
Uma isisebenzi siyilunga lezempilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi endaweni yokusebenza, singaphelezela umhloli wezempilo nokuphepha obuya eMnyangweni Wabasebenzi ngesikhathi ezohlola isikhungo sokusebenza. Lelilunga linegunya lokuphendula nanoma yimiphi imibuzo efakwa ngumhloli.
Isisebenzi singaphawula noma simelwe kunoma yimuphi umthetho noma iqophelo elihlongozwayo lokuphepha elishicilelwe ngaphansi koMthetho Wempilo Nokuphepha kwabasebenzi endaweni yokusebenza.
Isisebenzi silandele isaziso esisemthethweni , isibonelo, isenqabelo, isaziso sokwephula umthetho, njalonjalo.
Isisebenzi sethule ubufakazi eNkantolo Yokwedlulisa izicelo noma enkantolo yomthetho ngodaba oluphathelene nempilo kanye nokuphepha.
Akekho ovunyelwe ukuphazamisa noma ukusebenzisa budedengu impahla ebekelwe impokophelelo yezempilo nokuphepha. Isibonelo, akekho ovunyelwe ukususa insiza yokuphepha emshinini bese esebenzisa lowomshini noma avumele noma ngubani ukusebenzisa umshini ngaphandle kwensiza.
Ngobani futhi yini abammeli bezempilo nokuphepha endaweni yokusebenza?
Laba ngabantu abasebenza ngokugcwele, bakhethiwe noma baqokiwe base begunyazwa ngokubhaliwe wumqashi ngemuva kokuba umqashi nabasebenzi behlale phansi babonisana baze bafike esivumelwaneni sokuqoka labo abayobamela ezinhlakeni zempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini. Okunye futhi, abakhethiwe kufanele baqonde izimo nezihibe ezikhona endaweni yokusebenza nomsebenzi abaqokelwa wona. Kumele kufinyelelwe ezivumelwaneni mayelana nezikhathi zokuqhuba lomsebenzi kanye nawo qobo lomsebenzi wabameli bezempilo nokuphepha. Konke lokhu kufanele kuvunyelwane ngakho phakathi komqashi nabasebenzi.
Bangaki abammeli bezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini okumele baqokwe?
Makuqokwe umuntu oyedwa noma ummeli oyedwa njalo ebantwini abangu 20 noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho, uma bengu 19 kuphela abasebenzi, asikho isidingo sokuqoka ummeli.
Ezindaweni ezifana nasezitolo nasemahovisi, ilunga elilodwa lokumela lingaqokwa ebasebenzini abangu 100 noma engxenyeni yalokhu. Isibonelo, linye ilunga okumele liqokwe kubasebenzi abasukela ku 21 kuya ku 100 kodwa kumele ebe mabili amalunga eqoqweni labasebenzi abaphakathi kuka 101 kuya ku 200, njalonjalo.
Kwezinye izindawo zokusebenza, ilunga elilodwa lingaqokwa njalo eqoqweni labasebenzi abasukela ku 21 kuya ku50.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezehlukehlukene, umhloli angacela izikhundla eziningi zamalunga angabammeli, ngisho kulezo ziwombe okunabasebenzi abangaphansi kuka20. Isibonelo, ukuvuleka nesakhiwo semboni kungenzeka sakheke ngendlela yokuthi umuntu oyedwa akenele ukumele abasebenzi abangu 50. Umhloli usengacela ukuthi kube nesinye isikhundla esidalwayo somunye ummeli. Kodwa uma umqashi nabasebenzi abathintekayo bevumelana, abammeli bangedlula esibalweni esiphawulwe ngenhla.
Bangaqokwa nini abammeli bezempilo nokuphepha?
Kufanele baqokwe zingakapheli izinyanga ezine liqalile ibhizinisi. Abaqashi abanabasebenzi abevile emashumini amabili, asebesebhizinisini isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezine abaphoqelekile ukusungula abammeli. Esikhathini lapho kuqashwa khona abasebenzi abedlula ku20 ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, njengabasebenzi basemapulazini futhi lokho kuqashwa okungedluli ezinyangeni ezine, asikho isidingo sokusungula abammeli.
Bangayenza nini imisebenzi yabo abaqokelwe ezempilo nokuphepha endaweni yomsebenzi?
Zonke izenzo nemisebenzi ephathelene nalezikhundla, uqeqesho lwabammeli kumele yenziwe ngesikhathi esijwayelekile somsebenzi.
Yini engenziwa ngabammeli bezempilo nokuphepha endaweni yomsebenzi?
Abamele ezempilo nokuphepha bangacubungula ukusebenza ngemfanelo kwezinzame zokuphepha ngokuhlola uhlelo lokucwaninga isimo sempilo nokuphepha.
Abamele ezempilo nokuphepha bangacubungula izinkomba zezingozi endaweni okusetshenzwa kuyo bese bethula imibiko ekomidini lezempilo nokuphepha noma kumqashi.
Abammeli abakhethwe ngokuhlanganyela nabaqashi bangenza uphenyo ngezehlakalo, baphenye izikhalo zabasebenzi mayelana nempilo nezindaba zokuphepha bese bethula imibiko ngokubhalwe phansi.
Abammeli bangenza iziphakamiso ngezindaba zokuphepha emsebenzini kubaqashi noma ekomidini lempilo nokuphepha kuthi uma behluleka bedlulisele udaba kumhloli.
Abammeli bangethamela imihlangano yamakomidi ezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini.
Yini inhloso yamakomidi ezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini?
Amalunga ayahlangana ukuzosungula, akhuthaze, agcine futhi abuyekeze izinzame zokuqinisekisa ngokuphepha nangempilonhle ebasebenzini endaweni yokusebenza.
Amakomidi ezempilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi anamalunga amangaki?
Ngakho ke, bonke abammeli kufanele babe ngamaluna ekomidi. Umqashi angaqoka abanye abantu ukuba bamele yena ekomidini, kodwa labo abaqokiwe ngeke bedlule isibalo sabammeli abajutshelwe lelokomidi. Uma kwenzeka umhloli enombono wokuthi isibalo samalunga ekomidi elisemsebenzini alenele, anganquma ukuba kusungulwe ikomidi lokwengezela.
Bahlangana kangaki abammeli bezempilo nokuphepha?
Bahlangana ngokulawula kwezidingo kodwa okungenani kanye ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Ikomidi linquma isikhathi nendawo yokuhlangana. Uma kwenzeka isibalo esingamaphesenti angu 10 noma ngaphezulu sabasebenzi sifaka isicelo somhlangano kumhloli, umhloli anganquma ukuba kubanjwe umhlangano endaweni nangesikhathi esiyokhethwa nguye.
Ngubani onquma inqubo elandelwayo emhlanganweni?
Amalunga ekomidi aqoka usihlalo bese enquma isikhathi ayosihlala esihlalweni leso, abuye anqume inqubo yemihlangano njalonjalo.
Angakwazi yini amakomidi ezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini ukucela usizo kubeluleki?
Yebo, amakomidi anganxenxa abathize njengamalunga angabeluleki ukuze bathuthukise ulwazi nobungoti ezindabeni ezithinta ezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi amalunga angabeluleki awanalo ilungelo lokuvota.
Enzani amakomidi ezempilo nokuphepha?
Amakomidi adingida lezondaba eziphathelene nezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini noma ezikhungweni lezo ikomidi elisungulelwe wona.
Ikomidi kumele lenze izincomo kubaqashi ngesimo sempilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi. Uma izincomo zingaholeli ekuxazululekeni kwenkinga, ikomidi ingenza izincomo eziqondiswe kumhloli.
Ikomidi kumele ixoxisane nomhloli ngazo zonke izehlakalo ezibandakanya ukulimala, ukugula noma ukufa kwesisebenzi kanti lokhu kumele kubhalwe phansi.
Ikomidi kufanele ligcine ilekhodi lazo zonke izincomo eziqondiswe kubaqashi nayo yonke imibiko eqondiswe kumhloli.
Amalunga ekomidi kumele enze neminye imisebenzi edingekayo ngaphansi komthetho.
Akavunyelwe umqashi ukudonsa imali eholweni lesisebenzi ngesizathu esihlangene nokuqhuba impokophelelo yokuhlangabezana nalomthetho.
Uma udokotela ehlola noma elapha umuntu osolwa sengathi uthole isifo ngenxa yomsebenzi, udokotela noma lowo owelaphayo kumele abike udaba kumqashi nakuMhloli omkhulu.
Ukuhambisana nemilayelo, umlayelo wokuvela phambi kwenkantolo nezicelo.
Abaqashi nabasebenzi kumele bahloniphe imilayelo, imilayelo yenkantolo, izicelo noma impoqo yabahloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho ovunyelwe ukuvimbela noma wubani ukuhambisana nalokhu.
Imibuzo kamhloli kumele iphendulwe kodwa akekho ophoqwe ukuthi angaphendula ngendlela eyombophisa. Ukuphendula ngendlela yokuzibophisa ngechaza ukwemukela ukwephula umthetho noma ukuqondana ngqo nesimo sokwephula umthetho.
Uma ebona kudingekile, umhloli angafuna usizo nokwesekwa okufanele ukuze aqalise uphenyo. Umhloli angabuye acele ukuthi kwethanyelwe lolophenyo. Akekho ovunyelwe ukwethuka umhloli noma amphazamise emsebenzini wakhe wokuphenya.
Isisebenzi senze okungaphandle kwenqubo ejwayelekile nevumelekile emsebenzini waso, ngamanye amagama isisebenzi senze okuthile sazi ukuthi akufanele.
Okuchazwe ngenhla akwehlukile kulowo muntu oqashwe noma ogunyazwe ngumqashi, isibonelo yilowo oqashwe okwesikhashana njengesonkontileka. Ngaphandle kokuba izinhlangothi zombili zivumelane ngokubhalwe phansi ukuthi oqashiwe uyohambisana kanjani naloMthetho.
Abahloli bangatholakala kulamakheli alandelayo, ngokwehlukana kwezifundazwe eMnyangweni weZemisebenzi.
